Breaking The Slump Baseball - 934 Words

â€Å"Baseball is America’s pastime, and that record is absolutely huge in the States.† This quote by tennis player Pete Sampras defines the reason Charles Alexander wrote the book Breaking the Slump: Baseball in the Great Depression Era. Alexander has complied a book about what baseball was like during the years when America lived in a time of great poverty and economic troubles. Alexander writes with the aim of writing a chronology of baseball and how it the happenings of the world influenced this sport. Baseball has had a great following and Alexander explains the National pastime in a way that feels like you are right there during the season. Alexander’s style, source base, and focus makes this book a great history of the time. He does miss a few things that weakens his argument that baseball remained strong during the crumbling thirties. Charles Alexander is a historian and a professor of history. He is from the Ohio area. Alexander was first recognized as a n author when he complied his history of Ty Cobb. The book got many recognitions and helped give Alexander a following. It also gave him the tools for researching and compiling this book. Alexander was a professor of history at Ohio University. Alexander can be considered a credible author and one that can be looked at and analyzed well. Breaking the Slump captures your attention by talking about baseball season by season during the 1930’s. Alexander writes a historical progression that goes from the early thirtiesShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sports Today1476 Words   |  6 Pagesprevent muscle breakdown and increase testosterone to an unnatural level . Steroid abusers often have 100x more testosterone in their body then what is naturally made. Although steroid abusers often see performance enhancing drugs as a way out of a slump or a way to easily beat their opponent, they soon realize the cold, painful truth. Steroids often have many painful, permanent side effects. As M.D Kristen Philipkoski writes: â€Å"The potential side-effects of anabolic steroid abuse include: liverRead MoreSammy Sosa1087 Words   |  5 PagesSamuel Sosa Montero (born November 12, 1968 in San Pedro de Macorà ­s, Dominican Republic) is a designated hitter and right fielder in Major League Baseball and is currently a free agent. Sosas Major League career began when he broke in with the Texas Rangers in 1989. In the intervening years, he has played for the Chicago White Sox, Chicago Cubs and Baltimore Orioles.[1] He ended the 2005 season with 588 career home runs, placing him fifth on the all-time home run list. In early 2007, howeverRead More What Is Basketball Without Mic Essay1981 Words   |  8 Pagesthe NBA, many are speculating on how well his endorsements will do. Experts say that a retired athlete amp;#8211; even Jordan amp;#8211; cant compete with a guy whos still winning championships. With the sports-marketing business already in a slump, there may be no heirs to Air Jordan; (Peyser.) Even though Jordan has left the basketball court, hes not going to leave Hollywood anytime soon. There are plans being made to have Jordan star in at least two films but this time he will be actingRead MoreOverview of the Movie 12 Angry Men4284 Words   |  18 Pagesnot entertain mercy, bare in mind he could face th e death sentence As the jury members entered that jury room to decide the fate of the accused, many of the jury members talk about other subjects rather than the trail itself. One talks about the baseball, others talk about their careers. As the Jury were, delivering their verdict, all but one returned a guilty response. It is apparent that most of the jury members have a personal prejudice that hinders their verdict bearing. When Juror 8 is questionedRead MoreAdidas Essay2734 Words   |  11 Pages How Adidas Aims to Get Its Cool Back The German sports brand wants to end its long U.S. slump ByELLEN EMMERENTZE JERVELL andSARA GERMANO Updated March 22, 2015 9:21 p.m. ET Adidas AG notched a big win when it signed a deal in January to sponsor University of Miami sports. The school had been rival Nike Inc.’s turf for decades, a perfect place to show that Adidas’s new U.S. chief was breaking its long slump in America. But many fans of â€Å"The U† balked, starting anti-Adidas chatter on social mediaRead MoreThe Baseball Of The Nfl3626 Words   |  15 Pagesrecord breaking 9.5 percent between 2010 and 2012. Both of which have been correlated to death if you abuse its parameters. But the geographic differences in smoking habits tell the real story. In 2012, the Midwest and the South had far more smokers, retaining a study of 26 percent and 19 percent, than the Northeast and West, which was 16 and 14 percent. With young football players, the cause of the decrease in youth league participation, like Pop Warner, comes with many assumptions. The slump may comeRead MoreAmerican Slang Essay 115481 Words   |  62 Pages 1.5 Kinds of slang Slang develops most freely in groups with a strong realization of group activity and interest and groups without this sense of unity, e.g., farmers, rarely invent slang terms. The stage, prize-fighting, baseball, football, and other sports are productive of an extraordinarily rich crop of slang. Inventiveness of schoolboys and students, the incomprehensibility — to the uninitiated — of many writers on sport, and the existence of a vulgar beside a fashionableRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesbig corporate clients, and had been unable to come up with any big new consumer gadgets. A controversy brewed over whether H-P would be better off broken into pieces rather than keeping the company whole. The example of IBM was given to support breaking up: â€Å"IBM had the courage recently to exit the bleak PC business. By contrast, H-P continued to hold fast.†8 H-P’s Board Ousts Fiorina Abruptly on February 9, 2005, the board fired Fiorina, after she resisted the directors’ plan for her to cedeRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagescan talk,† Ms. Kesselring says. There aren’t other breaks and workers aren’t allowed to sip coffee or eat at their desks during 70 the long stretches before and after lunch. Hard candy is the only permitted desk snack. New technology, and the breaking down of labor into discrete, repetitive tasks, also have effectively stripped jobs such as those at EBS of whatever variety and skills clerical work once possessed. Workers in the cage (an antiquated banking term for a money-handling area) only openRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages compensation and benefits, and employee relations departments of human resource management. Explain how human resource management practices differ in small businesses and in international settings. 28 W hen the housing market entered a slump in early 2008, it took home improvement stores down with it. Home Depot responded to a drop in sales by laying off hundreds of workers. The cuts didn’t stop there. In April of 2008, Home Depot’s human resource department made the shocking revelation

My Life Of My Mother - 949 Words

(revised) This story is about my mother. Her name is Nita. As much as i like her i like her name too. If there is reason that i do not like her that would be she name me kunjan. Love and mom both are same words for me. She guides me in good ways every single day. She cares smallest things that related me and she always worry about me and my older brother TAPAN. Everyone in the world has someone who means alot to them. For me the most important person of my life is my mom. When we were in india my dad and my mom both were working seven days. As i was child i was always thinking that why they are working a lot. Besides working, my parents were also taking care for my every single things.I am realising now that after working eight hours and still she had to make food for her kids had been very tough for her. But i never seen her making my choice food every time without smile. At that time i thought that making food and working that is her job and she has to do. As i was growing fast my demands were growing fast too. When i came in high school i asked her to buy me a new cellphone and new motorcycle.After a long fight She bought me both things and again i thought that this is her job to buy me whatever i want.I can say today that wasn’t her job that she bought me everything that was just her love to me. After high school i moved out to another city for college. She guided me to choose right path in college. I decided to go in engineeringShow MoreRelatedMy Life With My Mother887 Words   |  4 Pagesamounts of separation from my mother, even thou now I can look back and see if was just more then I was use to. Once into high school the separation grew larger, as I got older, her time for her boyfriends grew larger and I was left alone. I experienced a large disconnect with my mother, in which I spent more time living with my friends parents then I did my own. Also going back to throughout my junior high years a medical condition for numerous years that had g one undiagnosed and it created largeRead MoreMy Mother : My Life964 Words   |  4 PagesMy mother comes to visit me. My parents live in Tokyo and I donï ¿ ½t see them very often. They are responsible for getting me into the treatment center. I havenï ¿ ½t always liked them, and I have hurt them over and over and over through the course of my life, but they have always loved me. I am lucky to have them. My mother sees my apartment, laughs. She asks me where I sleep, where I sit, I tell her the floor. She shakes her head and says not good, James, not good. She calls someone in Michigan, whichRead MoreMy Life Of My Mother1104 Words   |  5 PagesWhen I was 5 I realized I would always have a temporary home, moving from place to place. My mother was always heavily induced with drugs and alcohol, never knowing my dad, unfortunately, I felt as if I was one big mistake on this earth. I watched my mother go from guy to guy, then one day she met Scott who told her everything she wanted to hear. One morning I watched mother slip on a long white flowy dress, dab some perfume on her neck that smelt like the daises I picked as a child, and we wereRead MoreMy Life Of My Mother Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesphrase I remembered clearly when my mother would be brutally honest to her customers. She has been a waitress for a little more than twenty years and believed that people should stand up fo r themselves if another person attempts to take advantage of you. My mother has always been the type to get a gang of friends and beat them up if they hurt someone important to her. Furthermore, she took pride in working three jobs to keep the family afloat without the assistance of my father and being the first andRead MoreMy Life Of My Mother Essay1951 Words   |  8 Pagesknew my mother was upset. As we were driving I asked â€Å"where is Jada and Joe† (my two younger siblings), but no response. For the life of me, I could not understand why she seemed so annoyed with me that day, but I shrugged it off as usual. When we arrived my mother was still silent, as we waited in the lobby. Two Caucasian women approached my mother, and the younger women asked me could I walk with her. Being sixteen at the time, all I could think about is getting home so I could check my MySpaceRead MoreMy Life With My Mother Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagessporting a snow-white lab coat with a blue collared shirt exclaims to my mother, â€Å"congratulations a beautiful baby boy.† I had a brother now, someone I could spend time with, someone to bond with. I sat next to my father as my mother corralled the newly born child within her arms. â€Å"What’s his name?† I enthusiastically asked my father. My dad pronounced, â€Å"his name is Joey, and he is your new baby brother.† For nine months I watched my mother’s abdomen gradually increase in diameter. I was seven yearsRead MoreMy Life With My Mother1634 Words   |  7 PagesGoing to visit my mother and spending time with my boys is just what I needed. I loved spending time with my family. Now my step-father on the other hand irked my soul. My mother wasn t always the best parent to live with which is the reason I lived with my grandmother. My mother at one time was a addict to not only drugs but alcohol. She met her husband right here in Kansas when was I was just thirteen years of age. He was just recently divorced from his wife and he was also a junkie and a drugRead MoreMy Life Of My Mother1475 Words   |  6 PagesLiteracy has always been close to my identity as a person. My mother wanted the best for her children, and therefore would sing and read to us as soon as we were born. She encouraged out love of words and books by taking us to the library for reading time and always seemed to fi nd the most amazing books for us to explore. My mother is very musically gifted, so songs were part of our daily routine. There are still little songs that pop into my head about daily tasks that she created to help usRead MoreMy Life : My Mother2230 Words   |  9 PagesMy Life I was born February 8th, 1998, in Lisbon, Portugal. I lived in a very pretty beach town my whole life called Ericeira. My mom, Maria, was born in Cuba, and she currently works as a translator for Neogen. Because she spoke in Spanish to us almost every day, me and my sister learned to understand and speak a little bit as well. My dad, Antonio, owns a dairy farm in Portugal and also fixes computers as a hobby. I have one little sister and two half sisters. My little sister’s name is PatriciaRead MoreMy Life with Mother917 Words   |  4 PagesMarcus Garvey Prologue: From the other side of this life my spirit chose to slip into my mother’s futile womb By the time my mother, Adele (Della) of Hispanic/Apache decent was 27 years of age she’d have nine full term pregnancies with four different donors. Her first child, my older brother, Ray died at two months, never leaving the hospital when she barely turned 16. Ray’s father (Spanish decent) was never involved. Mom got pregnant by my father (Native American) less than a year after Ray’s

Interesting/ Valuable Quotes Lord of the Flies Free Essays

Interesting/ Valuable Quotes Page 39: â€Å"They suffered untold terrors in the dark and huddled together for comfort. † This sentence caught my concentration when reading chapter four. It shows that without people they know and love around they are satisfied with strangers. We will write a custom essay sample on Interesting/ Valuable Quotes Lord of the Flies or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are little kids who need their moms or someone they care about to keep them calm and help them feel safe. When they are trapped in an island full of strangers and terrified they are okay with huddling with each other. This is interesting because us as humans need each other to have comfort. Page 69: â€Å"Hasn’t anyone got any sense? We’ve got to relight the fire. You never thought of that, Jack did you? Or don’t any of you want to be rescued? † Ralph said this and this was when I knew these two were just going to split up into two groups. I found it interesting how Ralph wanted to keep that fire on to be rescued but the other thought there were things more important to do. The other cared too much about hunting and finding the beast when they should also be trying to be saved. Ralph knew without the smoke from the fire they couldn’t be rescued so I liked it when he would take a stand. This quote showed what Ralph cared about the most. Page 75: â€Å"’You’ll get back to where you came from. ’ Simon nodded as he spoke. † This showed what a faithful heart Simon has and how he believes so much that everything would be okay. Simon was always the one on Ralph’s side and just a good friend. I really liked how he comforted Ralph when Ralph lost hope. I think that Simon’s words helped Ralph to keep on trying to make the island civilized. This is something I would say because I am a very faithful person. Page 109: â€Å"We shall take fire from the others. Listen. Tomorrow we’ll hunt and get meat. Tonight I’ll go along with two hunters—Who’ll come? This is engaging because Jack is pretty much starting war. He is going completely crazy and wants to steal the other’s things. He could just go ask for the specs to make fire but he has to go and take them. I understand because he is an unintelligent savage with no common sense. This is when I started to just completely hate Jack and the other boys helping him. Page 122: â€Å"You’re a beast and a swine and a bloody bloody thief! ’ When Ralph said this I immediately got excited because I knew things were about to get juicy. He finally exploded and told Jack what he thought of jack. Jack did way too many awful things to Ralph and now Ralph is speaking up more than before. I imagine Ralph using the same tone that jack normally uses so he can get on Jack’s level. After this it was predictable that the fight would get crazy and Jack would try to kill Ralph. Reading Reflection Journal 08/08/12 Page 31: This book is very attention grabbing but it sure has me thinking a lot. One thing I still don’t comprehend is how they weren’t together if they all crashed in the same plane. I also don’t understand why they were attacked, it might have been during a war but the book doesn’t make it clear. The rest of the book was fairly easy to understand. I like it how they had the meeting in the beginning and chose a leader. One thing I feel is a challenge for them is that they are too young to handle the job of starting a life on an island. I wonder what the characters truly represent and how they will change. They can’t really follow rules and stay focused in order to do everything that needs to be done. If I were the main character, Ralph, I would put my foot down and act like a leader. He needs to take charge or else Jack will take over the job of bossing everyone around, which is what I think is happening at this point. I really don’t like the way they treat Piggy, it makes me sad to see someone who wants everything to be okay but no one ever listens to him. I can relate to Piggy because I as well try to speak my mind and show people what they are doing is incorrect but because of my age and appearance they think I am irrelevant. 08/10/12 Page: 63 Jack and his hunters are very unintelligent for the reason that they are way too focused on catching the pig. They should’ve had someone watching the fire when that ship passed by. I feel that Ralph wouldn’t be so mad at Jack if this were Jack’s first time screwing up. All of Jack’s disagreement with Ralph before this point made Ralph even madder. I just feel that soon the island will split up between Jack and his hunters and Ralph and the other. Jack is very bossy so he is also trying way too hard to be a higher authority than Ralph. I love the idea that this book gives of children trying to survive and it seems as if it’s just not going to work out very well. I also found very fascinating that Simon went into the woods alone to get away from chaos, which is something I would’ve done as well. I have now reached the part in the book where I just can’t stop reading. I am starting to like it more with all the action and drama happening. I like it how the children are now used to life in the island but that can also be a bad thing, they are too comfortable. Jack and his hunters made me mad especially since they were happy about the pig, even the other ware happy except for Ralph, Simon, and Piggy. I would’ve been disappointed in myself if I was Jack and not mad at Ralph for getting upset. Things in the island are getting crazy and out of control and I think that they just need to be a little more mature. Ralph did what I would do as well which is call them into a meeting and point out what they are all doing wrong. I think the rest should’ve listened and change their ways but I don’t they will. Jack finally did something right by comforting the littluns through telling them if there is a beast he will hunt it down. I don’t think this will keep them calm for long but at least it gives them some temporary happiness. It seems as if Jack, Simon and Piggy are the only ones who are trying to leave the island while the others are being foolish. 08/12/12 Page 84 The book is becoming clearer to me now and I realize that there is a war going on. I don’t understand why Ralph didn’t go see if the fire was on so the jets could spot it since he always freaks out about the fire. I hate it how Sam and Eric are slow enough to think a shadow is the monster, and how the other believes the same. I love that the Author added this parachute to scare them because it just makes it more interesting. Now if it was I who was encountering this shadow would be much more intelligent about it and see that it is just a shadow. I just detest it that they are over reacting and seeing things that are not there. The boys then did what I would’ve done by no which is look for the beast. When they were looking in the cave and walking around the island I appreciated how they had some fun and acted like kids. I think that even though they need to worry they are just kids and should have some fun. I wonder if there is a point between Jack’s ideas and Ralph’s idea because in my opinion that would be the best way for them to live in the island. Now that some of the boys went back to the shelter and some stayed looking for the beast in the dark I am terrified that something terrible can happen. I know the beast isn’t real but they can still get hurt; if I were there I would wait to hunt more the next day. /15/12 Page: 114 This book just keeps getting better and just pulling me in more and more. I don’t like it how childish Jack is being. I don’t think he should leave the boys just because there are rules. I think the ones who went with jack are stupid for leaving because I in my opinion it will harm their chances of being saved. I wondere d if there would be a kind of war between the two sides and I was right. They should not be worshiping Jack if he isn’t even treating them correctly. I liked the twist when Simon found the sow’s head when looking for the peaceful place he liked going to so he could to just relax. I loved when the head told him the beast was within them because I fully agree. They are scaring themselves and are doing horrific things with their inner beast. I really don’t understand how they didn’t recognize it was Simon coming out of the woods. It was wrong of them to beat Simon like that into his awful death. They shouldn’t have killed him because Simon would’ve stopped them from being frightened of the beast. It was a sad turn in the book because I could relate to Simon, being peaceful and peaceful. I was so happy to see Ralph was sad about Simon’s death because unfortunately no one else seemed to care. I just feel like the other boys are stupid for believing Jack’s story about the monster shaping himself into Simon. I hated the part when they attacked Ralph’s side because it was so sad and unpleasant to read. The boys are rude and have no common knowledge because obviously they could’ve asked for the glasses to make a fire. I wonder if they realize that the beast lies within them. 12/117/12 Page: 139 I loved the book’s ending even though it was very sad and unexpected. I was so sad when Piggy died because he was the only truly innocent person on the island and he was too miserable and humiliated before being killed. I thought Ralph would die in the end but I am really glad he did not. I loved Ralph’s character because he never went to the enemy’s side no matter how much he had to suffer, which I would do as well. This part of the book is very believable because it is like humans to do such horrific things to each other. This section made me think about what was going through the savage children’s minds. They must’ve been terrible human beings to make Ralph and the other go through such torture. I wish they would’ve all had been saved but I guess the book wouldn’t had been as interesting. I really do not like how the Officer treated them, he should’ve just been happy to find them. The things said at the end were just very interesting. This book had so many twists and turns and shows that maybe children shouldn’t be alone in an island without adults. Final response This book was just a great and enjoyable read and I truthfully liked it. I just loved how the characters all had different ideas of what they should be doing on the island or had different roles in the island. I liked that the book shows the war of savagery and civilization that can happen when a group of kids are stuck in a stranded island. It showed what chaos just children could make just by being stranded without adults to tell them what to do. It was a believable book even with the extreme things that happened. I didn’t like how they didn’t follow the rules from the beginning but I guess that is what made the fight between the two sides start. It truly upset me how careless Jack was about others and how he just wanted to be king and for everyone else to suffer. He treated Piggy and Ralph and everyone like trash and he is just not a moral person. When the ship passed by and the fire was out my hatred for Jack just grew even more. What I think was happening was that Jack just wanted to have too much fun. Ralph was a great and just person but Simon was the character who I liked the most. He did not really follow either side and was just to himself but I think that is why he died. If I were Simon I wouldn’t had gone into the woods alone. I liked the way the author sent the message to Simon from the lord of the flies and then got rid of Simon from the story. It was interesting that the book was not full of happiness and it was just very realistic. Stories aren’t always happy, even if kids are involved, and this book is a great example of that. I also really enjoyed his love for the peaceful place in the woods where he would go to just relax and be away from everyone. I also enjoy having time to myself to just enjoy the good things around me. One thing I loved about this book was the beast and the significance of the beast. At first I thought it might be just an animal trying to scare the kids and they are over reacting. I then realized it was real when I reached the part where it talked about the parachute. At last the sow’s head explained the meaning of it and it just caught my attention. The perception of the beast being in all of us really fascinated me. It is hard to admit but we do all have a scary and evil beast inside of us that makes us want and feel the need to do things we shouldn’t. I can absolutely relate to having that within me and it is somewhat terrifying to believe. The ending was fairly happy but still very out of the ordinary. I found it weird that the pilot cared so much about what the kids did in the island rather than just being happy to find them. The pilot shouldn’t be criticizing the kids for doing suck horrific things on the island if they are just kids. I would’ve been upset at the pilot if I was Ralph or one of the others. I hope that after being recued the boys were all right and everything was okay. Significant Language Devices in the Novel 1. â€Å"The passionate noise of agreement noise of agreement from the assembly hit him like a wave and he lost his thread. †(P. 24) -The language device in this sentence is a simile. -This simile shows that when Ralph said â€Å"We want to have fun. And we want to be rescued†(p. 24) that the others agreed and the noises of agreement sounded like a wave was coming towards Ralph. This makes the text seem like they all agreed and so they all made the same sound. 2. Strange things happened at midday. The glittering sea rose up, moved apart in planes of blatant impossibility; the coral reef and the few stunned palms that clung to the more elevated parts would float up into the sky, would quiver, be plucked apart, run like raindrops on a wire or be prepared as in an odd succession of mirrors†(P39) -This is an example of the use of Imagery. -This sel ection from the passage explains thoroughly what the weird things happening on the middle of the days looked like. It helps the reader create an image of these crazy images the boys see around the island. 3. A silver of moon rose over the horizon, hardly large enough to make a path of light even when it sat down on the water†(P64) -This uses personification. -With the use of irony the writer makes the moon seem like it has the human capability of sitting down on an object. It helps the reader understand that the moon is touching the horizon if the sea but it isn’t bright enough to make a path of light reflecting on the water that reaches the island. 4. â€Å"Ralph came to the surface and squirted a jet of water at him†(P99) -This is a metaphor. -It compares the amount of water Ralph squirted to a jet of water, which means he squirted a lot. This helps the reader understand that Ralph did not just squirt a small amount of water. 5. â€Å"Then the sea breathed again in a long, slow sigh, the water boiled white and pink over the rock; and when it went, sucking back again, the body of piggy was gone†(P124) -This sentence has the use of personification. -By stating that the sea took a deep breath it indicates to the reader that the sound of the sea and the slow motion of it is like the breath of a human. It gets the reader thinking of how the wave slowly came and slowing â€Å"breathed in† Piggy’s body. How to cite Interesting/ Valuable Quotes Lord of the Flies, Essay examples

Contemporary Development

Questions: 1: Discuss the external environmental factors and PESTEL analysis of boots.2: Desribe about ethics and corporate social responsibility. Answers: Introduction Boots is a United Kingdom based pharmacy company. It has a chain of stores across Ireland and United Kingdom that sells products of health care and beauty and provides hearing care and optician service for its customers. The company was founded in 1849 in Nothingham, United Kingdom by John Boot. It has a long history of changing ownership. The company was sold to an American company in 1920 but later again sold back to British owner, the grandson of the founder, who renamed the company in 1971 as The Boots Company Limited. It then started its own research and development unit and found out several important medicines. It also diversified its business into several other products like, health care and optical. The report studies the external business environment factors that affect the companys business and examines the responses and positions of the organization. It gives the overview of the manner in which the external environmental factor affects the business or organization and explains the importance of the factors to the organization. Later, the paper discusses the business ethics of Boots and the corporate social responsibility of the company. It studies whether the CSR and business ethics has an influence on the policies and decision making of the organization. Further, the paper critically evaluates the effectiveness of the companys responses towards the CSR activities and business ethics. The report is divided into sections. In the first section all the environmental factor that affects the business are discussed and the responses of the company boots is analysed and then in the second part corporate social responsibility and business ethics of the Boots are discussed. Further, the effectiveness of the companys responses are evaluated External environmental factors and PESTEL Analysis of Boots The Boots Limited is a multinational company in the pharmaceutical industry with reputed goodwill and customer recognition. It has outlets in nearly 20 countries and annual revenue is more than 22.5 billion pound annually. The company has merged with Alliance Unichem and Walgreens in 2006 and became more aggressive in global business. The aim of the company is to provide full assistance to customer in terms of health care by providing pharmacy, health care and beauty products and optician services. It has its own research and development units and believes in innovating new products for the betterment of the consumers. Some of the known products that were innovated by the company are Botanics 17, Altiva, Almus, Soltan and others (Seok et al. 2012)[1]. The external environmental factors are important for any organization for doing business successfully in the global economy. The factors that affect the business are political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. The political factors that affect the business refer to political condition of the country and the world. Some of the political factors are policies of the government that has an impact on the growth, prospects and new availability of opportunities for the business. The taxes and tariff set by the government for the business of the country such as sales tax, custom duties, property tax and other corporate taxes effects the earnings of the business (Wetherly and Otter 2014)[2]. Further a stable government always attract the investors to invest in the country and bring more business opportunities and growth. Moreover, the entry and exit policies and regulation of the government for the foreign investors in the country affects the decision of the corporate sector to start the business in the country or not. The economic factors that affect the business refers to the factors that affects the growth of the economy and decides the future of the economy. It indicates the factor that has an impact on the major indicators of an economy, If the indicators does not reflect healthy economy then the business companies will be reluctant to invest in the country. Some of the economic factors that affect the business and decision of the organization to invest in the country or not are the interest rate of the country, the prevailing inflation rate, the rate of unemployment, the consumers demand and the availability of disposable income with them, the accessibility of credits, the foreign exchange rates, the fiscal and the monetary policies of the country (Wild, Wild and Han 2014)[3]. The inflation rate and the interest rate affects the organization cost of production and their earnings, so higher is the rate, lower is the earning as cost of production increases. If the disposable income is high then consumer will demand more and higher demand in the market will lead higher sale for the organization and will be profitable for them to invest in the market. The business is not possible without the credit availability from the financial institutions. The easier the availability of finance the more the company will be inclined to invest in the country (Tsavdaridou and Metaxas 2015)[4]. The unemployment rate is high means the availability of labours are easier and cheaper which will lower the cost of production and again the company will be beneficial by investing in the market. Further, the foreign exchange rate reflects the value of the currency. Lower the rate, stronger is the currency and higher is the rate weaker is the currency. A foreign company will always exam ine the stability of the currency value before investing in the country as it affects the stability of their earnings. Lastly, the fiscal and monetary policy controls and direct the movement of the economical variables and pave path for future development of the country, hence it is equally important for the growth of the organization. The social factors that affect the organization growth are cultural background of the people residing in the country, the gender and other related demographics, the lifestyle of the people, the educational levels and literacy among the people, the distribution of wealth and the domestic structure of the society. The consumer demand is affected by their cultural background, lifestyle, wealth, gender and literacy levels. Different country will have different sets of social factors and hence different types of preferences for the products (Yu and Ramanathan 2012)[5]. A multinational company has to study the social factor of the country thoroughly before entering the market as it is one of the main reasons which affects their sale in case of many corporate firms The technological factor helps to keep the organization updated and the factors that affect their business are any new discoveries, rate of technological advancement, technological obsolescence and the availability of the platform for innovative technology (Srensen 2012)[6].In todays competitive world, without technology, a successful business is not possible and so any change or the current status of technological adoption of the country affects the efficiency and growth of the organization. The legal environmental factors refer to the legal rules and regulation that the organization need to follow to do business in the country. Any violation of rules may lead to unfavourable legal consequences for the organization (Sena et al. 2012)[7]. Some of the areas of legal regulation that the company needs to follow are in respect of product developments, employment of the staff and the regulation related to it, patent regulations, health and safety regulation for the employees and competitive regulation. The organization has to be compliance their corporate policies with the legal regulations otherwise they may face consequences that may affect the companys growth and development in future. The environmental factors of a country that affects the business are the climate and weather of the country, their geographical location, the laws for the waste disposal, the attitude of the people towards the environment and the regulation for energy consumption. The climate and geographical location affects the well being of the organization in terms of cost product development decisions and others (Siewiorek et al. 2012)[8]. Energy consumption is one of the major costs of any organization, if the laws are not favourable to the company, then it affects their production and cost. Further peoples attitude towards environment brings sustainability of the environment. Higher is the sustainability, better is the profit and cost structure of the company. As Boots is a United Kingdom based company, the policies of its government affect the business prospects of the company. One of the political factors that has made the company open various outlet of pharmacy in the country is the conducive business policy of the UK government towards the some major supermarkets and stores. The government has encouraged the opening of major supermarkets and stores to enhance the National Health Service and develop better health care system in the country (Park and Chon 2015)[9]. The policy has helped the company to start various stores and expand its business in the country The global recession is one of the economic factor that has affected the health care industry deeply and many business including Boots Limited has faced the set back in companys growth and development. The prices of health care products had globally increased and have affected the spending of the consumer, leading to the fall in profit of the company. Further, the rise in the fuel price was another economic factor that has increased the cost of managing supply chain channel of the company. The higher costs lead to increase in prices and increase the burden for the consumer The social factor has affected the sales of the company. In United Kingdom, the government has started campaigns for the citizens to create awareness about good health, good eating habits due to rising problem of obesity. The awareness programs has made the people realize the importance of being healthy and boosted the sales of the company, boots (Mellahi and Frynas 2015)[10]. The company started attracting customers by selling healthier products at a lower price than its competitors and hence it helped the company to increase the sales and profit. The technological factor that has helped the company to boost its sale in the country is the evolution of internet in the form of online retail sales. Boots have used the facility of online sales and taken full advantage of this opportunity. It targeted to generate one-third of income from online sales of its product and services. The environmental factors of United Kingdom have also affected the companys business in the sense that United Kingdom and many other countries are making themselves committed to green energy due to increasing problem of global warming. The company also had to adopt the green practices according to the rules and regulation of the country and had to make more investment on green and healthy products, for example, investing inorganic products and reducing the affect of carbon footprints on the environment (Kim, Kang and Mattila 2012)[11]. The legal environmental factors of United Kingdom have also affected the companys growth and development. The government of United Kingdom keeps taking out new laws about the health care products and so Boots need to change their products labelling and packaging according to the laws that increases the cost of sale for the company. However, change in legal laws for the packaging and labelling of the products has to be followed by the company to avoid any unfavourable legal consequences which may lead to huge long run loses Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility In this part of the paper the ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the company boots is discussed. In other words, CSR activity refers to the practices of the business that benefits the society. It refers to the initiative taken by the corporate to benefit the society by their business activities. The CSR activities are carried out in different ways. It can be by volunteering for doing good deeds without any expectation of returns. It can be also by following ethical labour practices especially in countries where the labour laws are different from domestic countries. CSR activity can be also to improve the environment by using products that reduce the carbon footprints. Lastly, CSR activity can be done by providing donation to local and national charities and several businesses does this as they do have several resources that may benefit the charitable organization. Corporate Social Responsibility has become one of the major concerns of the organization as through this the firm can succeed and win the heart of the people. It has been linked to sustainability and every organization today tries to attain sustainability by adopting some green practices and having a transparent system which has a positive impact on the society and it brings well being to the environment. CSR activities have become more important today due to the increasing awareness of the consumer regarding the well being of the environment. Todays consumer prefers to buy those goods that help in maintaining sustainability of the environment. The CSR activities have become more important after the increase of the awareness of the consumer for having a healthy environment (Lim and Yang 2016)[12]. Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility of Boots Boots is a healthcare company of United Kingdom and is associated with the welfare of the people so being healthcare to be its prime area of activity and being a people oriented business, the CSR is its integral part of the company which changes the manner it works at different levels of the company. The main aim of the company is to ensure that the business practices are economically, socially and environmentally sustainable. The mission of Boots Company is to become most efficient, flexible and responsive healthcare solutions company in United Kingdom with providing the best services and logistics to the consumers (Lee, Park and Lee 2013)[13]. Its desires to give the best healthcare services to the patients and believes in dedication, innovation and trustworthy services. The Corporate Social Responsibility mission of the company is to be the worlds best beauty and health care retailer store and to make everyone feel good. It CSR purpose was to become the most socially responsible health care retailer store. It believes in protecting the environment, giving better and improves services to the customer and the society. It produces sustainable products and tries to develop them further in their laboratory The company Boots Limited has used CSR in four areas. They are in the market, communities, people and environment .In the market, the company wanted to imply CSR activity by making its mission as CSR oriented which says, to do a fair business with integrity. The aim of the company is to be lead the cause related marketing through which they desire to expand health care by entering into partnership with charities and other business activities. They have made Health care as their brand and essence of the company. Another area of CSR that they concentrated and reflected through the business decision is the communities for whom they feel responsible. They wanted to be a responsible neighbour and always went beyond their stores to help the people sustain good health. They aim to be leaders by working with charities and requesting expertise to give some of their valuable time to provide service for charity. They wanted to go beyond the sale of products and service and so started working with charity (Kim, Suresh and Kocabasoglu 2013)[14]. The company Boots Limited desired believed in treating people with respect and dignity. They considered another area of CSR as the people whom they can change or influence to sustain environment and develop the people by treating the women of the society with dignity and helping them to be financially independent by providing them job and today around 80% of the employees in the company are female (Granger and Schroeder 2013)[15]. The companys next area of CSR activity is to protect the future generation by selling quality and genuine products so that the customer generate trust on the company and believes them for any change of new products. They made their production system safe by ensuring the safe use of chemical in their raw materials and products. Hence, the CSR activities have affected the policies and company decision making in areas of market place, where it the company adopted actions like customer satisfaction, suppliers verification, cause-related marketing, ethical investment and corporate governance. In area of communities, the actions were charitable giving, employee fundraising, community healthcare, education and employee volunteering. In areas of environment the companys actions were with respect to transport, energy biodiversity, waste and recycling, chemicals and sustainable products. In regard to our people, the actions were towards employee forum, diversity, health and safety, training and development and women in the workplace (Fryzel and Seppala 2016)[16]. Evaluation of Effectiveness of CSR in Boots In order to assess the CSR activity of the company, it took out measures to evaluate its own CSR activities through collection of data from the relevant respondents and then evaluating them to understand the success or failure of their activities. The company has adopted action plan for five years on several CSR issues and target several goals to reach within the stipulated time period. To ensure successful implementation of the CSR activities, the company had appointed executive personnel at every stage of the programs and at for individual issues of CSR. The issue owners were had specific goals and they were made accountable for achieving that goals. Boots also had subjected itself to prosecution if the goals of CSR issues were not attained and if the standards of conduct were not met (Gupta 2013)[17]. The company tried to maintain compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines (GRI) to meet CSR requirements. They believed in raising the CSR bars further and bring transparency and disclosure in the activities. To assess their own report and activities they collected data from the reliable sources such as employees, government, shareholders, media, academics, customers, local communities, suppliers, non-governmental organizations and socially responsible investment. The assurance of the data was given by the internal audit team of the company which was again verified by external audit team, KPMG. The company had maintained dialogues and relations with the stakeholders to understand the success o failure of the CSR related activities. They appointed CSR issue owners for each issues who were responsible to maintaining good relation with the stakeholders and ensures that their views and concerns are noticed and taken good care off. They believed in listening to their stakeholders and take learning from them, In case of difference in opinion they try to find a common solution which is acceptable to both and that minimises the conflicts (Ebert et al. 2014)[18]. The company has further added the local communities as new stakeholders as they also gets affected by the companys business and CSR activities. The main aim is to build healthy and happy communities and recognising their responsibilities towards the stakeholders and serving them better in the future (Cho 2016)[19]. The company has also launched a website for their CSR activities that helped them to maintain transparency in their activities and build effective communication with the stakeholders so that their feedbacks can be taken on issues and it can be resolved with immediate action . The products produced by the company always took care sustainability. They were of higher safety standards and served better quality. The product goes through robust checking of quality and product development and the company has ensured that the product serves best to the customers (Chen and Hung 2014)[20]. The sustainability actions were taken in the product development process so that the environment does not get affected and also assessing the suppliers of material through robust checking of standards so that they also maintain quality and follow sustainability measures Boots Limited, believed in building their relationship with the customers, partners, suppliers and other shareholders on the basis of trust. They believe in to be true to their stakeholders for deepening their relationship with them and on the strength of the relationship, the success of the company depends. The company innovated new products to capture the market by understanding the timely requirement of the market. The cause related marketing was highly successful as it not only helped the company to meet its goal but also to win the heart of the people by fallowing CSR activities. It was a perfect strategic plan that met the objectives, engaged the customers, promoted the health care products and involved employee priorities (Cavusgil et al. 2014). The company not only followed ethical rules and CSR activities but also tried to influence and train other companies to do the same. In this respect, the company has conducted training classes and shared their success plans with the peer groups so that they can also think in terms of CSR and mould their objectives to achieve CSR influenced goals and profit (Campbell 2016). Boots Limited ha takes out its own operating and financial reviews. To create awareness and knowledge about carbon management which is the most harmful material for damaging the environment, the company has conducted seminars and did personalised briefing to the peer groups and also consumers so that they get aware of it and start practicing it in their firm Boots Limited created awareness about several chronic diseases like breast cancer which was on hike in United Kingdom. It had made a huge project named as 41000 Faces which aimed at creating the awareness of the disease and precautionary measures that should be taken to avoid the disease. It started a partnership with the Cancer Research UK and raised a good amount of fund through integrated and successful campaign for raising awareness among the people (Cai and Yang 2014)[21] The company started the concept of ethical shopping and made the people understand that Boots product are produced by keeping in mind human rights and welfare of the consumers. The companys method of assessing their suppliers is the unique way of spreading the knowledge about the product quality and sustainable practices. They follow a distinctive process (Botha Kourie and Snyman 2014)[22]. They judge the suppliers on the companys own ethical code of conduct which is based on Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI) code that aims to support the laws of labour rights for the workers that produce goods in the market. The ethical code also includes the environmental checking based on the attainment of the necessary criteria and further the company has its own team for conducting the assessment check on the suppliers. Boots Limited has taken care of the disabled consumers and made special arrangement in their stores for such consumers so that even they can enjoy shopping around with assistance from trained staff who underwent special training for handling and meeting the needs of different types of disable consumers. The company is perfect in maintaining the corporate governance polices that their standard does not fall and they keep transparency in their activities for effective communication. However, the company do face certain challenges in meeting the requirements of CSR activities but they have been successful in managing the risk (Bondy Moon and Matten 2012)[23]. Conclusion The report discusses the external environmental factors that affect an organization growth and development process. It studies the Boots Pharmacy Company and the impact on its business due to the external environmental factors of United Kingdom. The external factors that are discussed are political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal factors. In the later part of the report, the ethical and corporate social responsibility activities of Boots Limited are studied and analysed. The evaluation process and assessment of the CSR activities are studied. Boots Limited has followed CSR activities effectively and has moulded its goals and objectively through the attainment of CSR activities. However, few suggestions can be given in terms of getting more prompt in understanding the updated and current deteriorating situations of environment and make more robust plan for sustainable development. The global warming and depletion of natural resources are some of the serious issues that need to be taken care of by the company. The increasing complication with diseases due to changing life styles of the people should also be addressed under CSR issues of the company. Further CSR issues should also take care of demographic affect on the environment and the company should create more awareness plan for sustainability so that it become a common practice for all including the consumers, producers, suppliers and government. References Bondy, K., Moon, J. and Matten, D., 2012. An institution of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in multi-national corporations (MNCs): Form and implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 111(2), pp.281-299. Botha, A., Kourie, D. and Snyman, R., 2014. Coping with continuous change in the business environment: knowledge management and knowledge management technology. Elsevier. Cai, S. and Yang, Z., 2014. On the relationship between business environment and competitive priorities: The role of performance frontiers. International Journal of Production Economics, 151, pp.131-145. Campbell, A., 2016. Group Collaborative Challenges in Today's Business Environment. International Journal of Research and Development. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Chen, Y.R.R. and Hung-Baesecke, C.J.F., 2014. Examining the internal aspect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): leader behavior and employee CSR participation. Communication research reports, 31(2), pp.210-220. Cho, S., 2016. The Effect of Authenticity of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) on Consumer Perception. International Information Institute (Tokyo). Information, 19(2), p.429. Ebert, R.J., Griffin, R.W., Starke, F.A. and Dracopoulos, G., 2014. Business essentials. Pearson Education Canada. Fryzel, B. and Seppala, N., 2016. The effect of CSR evaluations on affective attachment to CSR in different identity orientation firms. Business Ethics: A European Review, 25(3), pp.310-326. Granger, M.J. and Schroeder, D.L., 2013. Integrating the Internet into the business environment. Internet Research. Gupta, A., 2013. Environmental and pest analysis: An approach to external business environment. Merit Research Journal of Art, Social Science and Humanities, 1(2), pp.013-017. Kim, E.E.K., Kang, J. and Mattila, A.S., 2012. The impact of prevention versus promotion hope on CSR activities. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31(1), pp.43-51. Kim, M., Suresh, N.C. and Kocabasoglu-Hillmer, C., 2013. An impact of manufacturing flexibility and technological dimensions of manufacturing strategy on improving supply chain responsiveness: Business environment perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 51(18), pp.5597-5611. Lee, E.M., Park, S.Y. and Lee, H.J., 2013. Employee perception of CSR activities: Its antecedents and consequences. Journal of business research, 66(10), pp.1716-1724. Lim, M. and Yang, Y., 2016. The effect of authenticity and social distance on CSR activity. Social Responsibility Journal, 12(3). Mellahi, K. and Frynas, G., 2015. Global strategic management. Oxford University Press. Park, S.Y. and Chon, M.L., 2015. Do Stock Options Influence CSR Activity?. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(18). Sena Ferreira, P., Shamsuzzoha, A.H.M., Toscano, C. and Cunha, P., 2012. Framework for performance measurement and management in a collaborative business environment. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 61(6), pp.672-690. Seok Sohn, Y., Han, J.K. and Lee, S.H., 2012. Communication strategies for enhancing perceived fit in the CSR sponsorship context. International Journal of Advertising, 31(1), pp.133-146 Siewiorek, A., Saarinen, E., Lainema, T. and Lehtinen, E., 2012. Learning leadership skills in a simulated business environment. Computers Education, 58(1), pp.121-135. Srensen, H.E., 2012. Business Development: a market-oriented perspective. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Tsavdaridou, M. and Metaxas, T., 2015. A theoretical framework on CSR and urban development. Wetherly, P. and Otter, D., 2014. The business environment: themes and issues in a globalizing world. Oxford University Press. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014. International business. Pearson Education Limited. Yu, W. and Ramanathan, R., 2012. Effects of business environment on international retail operations: case study evidence from China. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 40(3), pp.218-234.

Emotional Intelligence Impact on Organizations Performance

Formal Report on impact of Emotional Intelligence on Organization’s performance This report details reasons for existence of detailed connection between E.I. and I.Q. which influences ability on work performance and at the same time influences capability building as well as attentiveness towards every task performed. This research scrutinized some social competencies within work place which were used in determining the extent to which individuals utilize aspects of love amongst themselves. Emotional intelligence forms part of ethics within organizations hence reinforcing social cohesion.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Emotional Intelligence Impact on Organization’s Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, there are cases where managers fail in the process of integrating work spirit and personal lifestyles, this leads towards bad relations amongst junior employees. Integrating spiritua l focus within organizational management contributes some level of orderliness. Information used in this report was obtained through interviewing a number of organizations within the marketplace. Attention should be paid on level of productivity realized from organizations applying EI/IQ programs in recruitment process and those using other methods. This is since spiritual concepts associated with EI guarantee both skills and purpose on performance. Introduction There is necessity of investigation and explanation on employee experiences within work place context and the connection between their work accomplishment and spirituality. In such cases the concept of spirituality is drawn from the perspective of overall individual lifestyles. Over the years there has been an indication on neglect and assumptions made concerning spiritual lives of employees, and this has led into imbalance between individual’s emotional, intellectual and spiritual aspects of daily lives. Equal import ance should be attached on one’s emotional intelligence since it provides the basic point from which one can easily identify overall life purpose. Research reveals that excellence experienced in work performance and businesses are linked to individual spirituality. However, in some cases there is always distinction between emotional intelligence, spirituality and performance where spirituality is only considered within theological contexts. There is the reality on the fact emotional intelligence plays an important role in articulation of workplace duties. This is since it contributes towards living a meaningful life. Emotional intelligence encompasses individual’s overall significance[1]. Purpose of the study This study seeks to establish connections between emotions, intellect as well as personal spirituality which contribute towards peaceful and productive environment within work place. Emotional Intelligence and I.Q. are therefore important aspects considered for pu rposes of efficient management within work place.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Such experiences as high level of connectedness and meaningful relations leads towards development of hospitable environments capable of motivating individuals towards performance[2]. Additionally, ability of workers to identify themselves with organization’s principles and objectives depends on their level of emotional intelligence as well as I.Q. levels. Scope of the study Indeed, there is adequate literature presented in this study on the relationship amongst employees within organizations in a defined industry. This is mostly based on nature of prevailing circumstances or EI applied during recruitment process especially in the field of strategic management. There is limited effort capable of providing what has been learned and efficiently explored on the process of generating rel ationships amongst organizations within defined industry. For instance, whenever scholars explore on how firms form alliances to maximize payments, they only emphasize on just one specific merit connected to the alliance like bringing resources together, or maximizing on learning. The main objective of applying EI at work place is for the purposes of exploring how firms are able to earn and preserve employee rates. It is important to consider relational view with regard to how organizations benefit from competitive advantage. The theoretical framework of such review adds to the knowledge within the field of relational view and firm’s competitive advantage[3]. Source and methods The study utilized use of qualitative method where data was collected through i-depth interviews. Focus groups were used in the process of obtaining information from students. In some instances secondary data was obtained from sources such as company websites, journals, newspapers and magazines. Report organization The report discusses about the impact of emotional intelligence at work place. It will focus on main reasons as to why firms agree to utilize EI within their various programs. Then there’s conclusion based on overall findings of the study. Emotional Intelligence and Intelligence quotient in the workplace Level of emotional intelligence is basically connected to level of integrity with which work is performed[4]. There exists detailed connection between E.I. and I.Q. which influences ability to perform work and at the same time influence capability building as well as attentiveness towards every task performed. Social competencies within work place determine the extent to which individuals utilize aspects of love amongst themselves.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Emotional Intelligence Impact on Organization’s Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Emotional intelligence forms part of ethics within organizations hence reinforcing social cohesion. However, there are times cases where managers fail in the process of integrating work spirit and personal lifestyles, this leads towards bad relations amongst junior employees. Integrating spiritual focus within organizational management contributes some level of orderliness[5]. Leadership and organizational success This serves the purposes of having capability on access and exploitation of new markets, this assists in boosting resource capabilities. Organizations in a joint venture can be owned by more than one parent company, making them so hard to manage. The parent companies owning such firms in joint venture may have conflicting goals or objectives, conflicting styles of management, and also competition for the scarce resources. However, in such cases application of EI help firms with new business ideas hence assisting innovation of new products and services. Moreover, firms utilizing use of EI/IQ finds it e asy to penetrate foreign markets based on rich professionalism amongst employees. Many organizations appreciate nature of contributions from joint ventures and have gone ahead to uplift barriers and restrictions which may limit smooth operations within organizations. Therefore, international joint ventures contribute heavily to foreign investments. When a joint venture is owned by more than one parent firm, it is known as an equity venture. High level of employee Emotional intelligence boosts a firm’s ability to gain from complementary resources, thereby improving its economies of scale. In addition, the firm’s ability to come up with new products is boosted as it will be cheaper as compared when the firm is operating individually. International joint ventures guide foreign firms in penetrating local markets which may look unfamiliar to foreign firms. In addition, the firm’s image is also boosted as many consumers want to be associated with creativity. There are other ways through which organizations access resources. These include; licensing, signing of contracts, or forming alliances. Joint ventures are mainly preferred because they perform more than wholly owned subordinate firms. In addition, the success of a joint venture can be easily determined from the level of employee contributions. The amount of capital each partner contributes reveals level of professionalism amongst its employees. Joint ventures have distinct resources and capabilities that cannot be copied by competitors. This helps the joint venture to gain from economies of large scale[6]. Emotional intelligence and economic management Scholars in the recent past have conducted studies focusing on the relevance of applying E.I. to an economy. This creates signals that individual EI really contributes towards entire performance of global economy. Generally, joint ventures have attracted hundreds of researchers who have made many publications.Advertising Looking for report on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, these studies sometimes provide contradictory commendations, mainly due to the fact that some joint ventures are composed of parent firms having diversified work force. It is very important for these studies to focus more on the management aspect of the joint venture. Before forming a joint venture, it is appropriate for a firm to evaluate the strategic rationality for coming up with the joint venture. The firm then should carefully select an appropriate partner. After selecting the partner, the firm will then negotiate and bargain the terms and conditions. Finally, the firm will sign the necessary documents and then proceed with the management of the venture. In fact, the decisions that firm managers make during the formation process of the venture will determine the future of the venture in terms of the level of performance[7]. These capital investments are transaction-specific and they foster product differentiation, thus, enhancing the quality of the products. Lastly, s pecificity according to human asset relates to the skills, expertise and talents which have been acquired as a result of long term relationships. For instance, the relationship created between a committed supplier and a dedicated buyer. Through constant interaction, alliances can be created; hence, the quality of the products will be enhanced in addition to the speed of completion of the processes. The development of relation-specific skills between parties is very influential in enhancing competitive advantage and generating supernormal profits. In fact, the relation-specific investments and the performance of the firm are positively correlated. Creation of a healthy relationship between firms and their suppliers also has an effect on the overall performance of the firm; the performance is bound to increase. The location of the firm also determines the overall performance of the firm; for instance, firms located next to one another will develop inter-firm cooperation, which will in turn improve the quality of their products. Great speed of product development, product differentiation, and reduced costs in the value chain enable relation-specific investments to give rise to relational rents. It can therefore be stated that higher relational rents are achieved when there is a good partnership between firms with regard to their investments. Strategic management One of the factors that limit the ability of associated firms to generate sufficient rents is the period of time in which the governance is in place to regulate against improper business behavior. The relation-specific rents have the ability to create congruous virtual rents, therefore, these kind of investments need to be safeguarded. When these safeguards are in place and are effective, the associated firms feel comfortable in proceeding with the investments. In addition, when a firm is engaged in relation-specific investment, for instance, when it is acquiring customized machinery, it is required to me et a certain cost in advance. Durable relation-specific investments such as customized plants, are often more expensive than non-durable ones like simple tools. Due to the fact that a number of investments have a fixed cost, the group of firms working together need to assess and evaluate the expected returns on the investment after the number of years it is expected to pay back, or after the period of the contract elapses. For example Japanese automakers prefer investing in durable relation-specific assets because of duration and nature of contract. On the other hand, there are also concerns in the United States whereby the suppliers are very reluctant investing in relation-specific assets having a longer length of contract. Therefore it can be deduced that when length of contract is long enough to care for opportunism, more relational rents are generated from the invested relation-specific assets, and vice versa [8]. The second factor that limits the ability of associated firms to generate sufficient rents is the scale and the scope of transactions that take place between such associated firms. This comes with the capacity of giving preference to specialized assets as compared to general assets. Large firms with greater economies of scale have the potential to raise the level of their production by preferring to work with specialized assets to general assets. Partner firms also have a tendency of increasing the size of transactions between them, thereby improving the level of efficiency that is connected to the inter-firm interactions. When this interaction between the partner firms is continuous, a stable relationship between the firms will be created, thereby making the firms to invest in specialized relation-specific assets. Therefore, it can be pointed out that the frequency and the size of interaction among the partner firms will determine their ability to make efficient relational rents, given their investing in relation-specific assets. In a nutshell, the length of the payback period and the size of interactions among the partner firms really influence the firms’ abilities to make relational rents. Spirituality in the workplace Emotional intelligence is applicable within organizations through various ideas. Most researches done within this field focuses on leadership and quality of work within workplace. Workers capability to establish mutual trust and respect amongst other members are usually considered effective leaders[9]. This is since such people are capable of providing solutions towards complex problems arising within organizations. Adequate utilization of emotional intelligence also leads towards cost-effectiveness. Hiring staff based on emotional intelligence changes economic value of any organization according to research done by concerned bodies. For instance, the government Accounting office report to congress in the year 1998, revealed the nature of savings they accomplished when United States Force applied th e use of Bar On’s Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-I) in recruiting process. Their success was eminent and at the same time saved over three million dollars on annual basis. Training employees in the areas touching emotional and social competencies results into more positive impact within implemented programs compared to other similar programs where such guideline is not followed[10]. Further research shows that emotional intelligence is powerful than I.Q is some instances. This led to the conclusion that predictive nature of I.Q. applied when performing task within workplace does not guarantee higher results. However, research done by longitudinal studies attached more importance on emotional intelligence. Success of individuals, whether in school or at work place rather depends upon their ability to handle frustrations, emotions as well as close relations. This shows that emotional intelligence provides foundation for emotional competencies considered crucial in job perform ances. Conclusion Innovations that happen in firms can be attributed to ideas from both the customers and the suppliers. A firm that constantly shares knowledge with partner firms, suppliers or customers is likely to innovate as compared to a firm that operates on its own. The process of knowledge transfer is therefore very instrumental in fostering innovation. Building a network is the first step to realize this process. Firms dealing with biotechnology who do not have efficient networks find it very difficult to gain competitive advantage. Therefore, innovation requires a network for firms to be successful; otherwise it cannot be possible in just a single firm. The absorptive capacity of organizations can be greatly boosted when firms plan efficient inter-firm knowledge sharing routines. This in turn increases the level of social communication and collaboration. The information sharing routines are very essential due to the fact that the transfer of information through technical k now-how encompass a repeated process of information exchange. The exchange of information in such kind of set up is more successful when partners are directly connected and continuously engage in face to face communications. Bibliography Beukes, Chantal David, Smith. Leadership the EPL Way. Johannesburg, SA: Minuteman Press, 2008. De Klerk-Luttig, Jeanette. â€Å"Spirituality in the workplace: a reality for South African Teachers?†South African Journal of Education. 28(2008): 505-517 Diaz, Johann 2005,Why Self Awareness is so Important. Web. Goleman, David, Working with emotional intelligence. New York: Bantam Books, 1998 Ministry of Culture and Tourism 2012,Turkey: Tourism Statistics. Web. Mohammadi, Mostafa, Zainab, Khalifa and Hasan, Hosseini. â€Å"Local People Perceptions Toward Social, Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Kermanshah, Iran.†Journal of Asian Social Science, no. 6 (2010):220-223. Print. Shepherd, Peter 2012, Heart Transformation; Tools for Transformation. Web. Usman, Ali Rizwan, Danish.â€Å"Leadership Spirituality in Banking Professionals and its Impact on organizational commitment.†International Journal of Business and Management. No. 5 (2010): 185-189. Footnotes Johann, Diaz, 2005,Why Self Awareness is so Important Jeanette, De Klerk-Luttig.â€Å"Spirituality in the workplace: a reality for South African Teachers?†South African Journal of Education. 28(2008): 505-517 Usman, Ali Rizwan, Danish.â€Å"Leadership Spirituality in Banking Professionals and its Impact on organizational commitment.†International Journal of Business and Management. 5 (2010): 185-189 Ibid Goleman, David. Working with emotional intelligence. (New York: Bantam Books, 1998). Ministry of Culture and Tourism 2012,Turkey: Tourism Statistics Peter, Shepherd, 2012,Heart Transformation;Tools for Transformation Mohammadi, Mostafa, Zainab, Khalifa and Hasan, Hosseini. â€Å"Local People Perceptions,Toward Social, Economic a nd Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Kermanshah, Iran.†Journal of Asian Social Science, 6 (2010):220-223. Print Beukes, Chantal D. Smith.Leadership the EPL Way. (Johannesburg, SA: Minuteman Press, 2008) De Klerk-Luttig, Jeanette. â€Å"Spirituality in the workplace: a reality for South African Teachers?†South African Journal of Education. no. 28(2008): 505-517 This report on Emotional Intelligence Impact on Organization’s Performance was written and submitted by user Jake Sargent to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Human Factors in Aviation Essays

Human Factors in Aviation Essays Human Factors in Aviation Essay Human Factors in Aviation Essay Essay Topic: Claim Of Fact Which leads us to the question, where does the future of transportation lead us? Many sci-fi movies in in the past, depict the futuristic details of mankind living in the world with flying vehicles. According to the movie Back To The Future 2, we should be able to produce and and use flying automobiles, hovering skateboards and the ability transport through time by the year 2015. In our case in the year 2011, that probability doesnt seem too likely.The problem is not only the production of such types to create a faster, sleaker, or more efficient transport vehicle, but the new rules and regulations that need to be put forth into introducing the vehicle into modern day airways, roads and waterways. For example, as we understand, automobiles are normally controlled and regulated by the DMV and air transportation are usually monitored and controlled by the FAA.With the two very independant entities, with very different responsibilities, the combination of the two creates a completely new organization. Or, will the DMV still control the grounds portion and the FAA remain with the airways? If that is the case, who controls the middle? I the flying vehicle crashes mid air, who takes the responsibility? Regardless of the matter, the future of transportation must move on, to a better more reliant and a more economically friendly future. That is exactly what the future of transportation is, It moves. Society and mobility is going to transform quite a bit over the next 50 to 100 years, predicts Mark Moore, an aerospace engineer at NASAs Langley Research Center in Virginia. He adds that there are five practical considerations to take into account when designing the transport of the future: efficiency and environmental friendliness, community friendliness (meaning that it doesnt make a lot of noise), safety and reliability, ease of use (meaning that it should be semi-autonomous or as easy to use as a car), and, of course, affordability. ttp://www. g ood. is/post/planes-trains-and-automobiles-of-the-future/ In the past few decades there has been a lot of hue and cry about environment awareness and saving our beloved planet and the whole issue of global warming overall. Rightly so, as there has been an excessive use of exhaustible sources of energy and fuel. In an attempt to provide solutions to this problem, alternative fuels are being experimented with for running vehicles and other motor operated things.The reason being to get eco-friendly fuels and to delay the exhaustion of fossil fuels. Electrochemical cells are such an alternative fuel, which is very frequently used in electric and hybrid cars as well. Now even though these electric cars are claimed to be eco friendly and not adding to the deterioration of the environment, there are some other factors which have to be considered in electric cars.By Medha Godbole Published: 8/19/2010 buzzle. com/articles/electric-cars-pros-and-cons. html

Change Management and Leadership in Dell company Essay

Change Management and Leadership in Dell company - Essay Example Change Management and Leadership in Dell company Because of various issues, these business entities do not accept the change of management, and involves themselves in different actions that are not in favor of the organization thus, resists change. The consequences of this resistance in change is poor performance of the firm in terms of manufacturing, production and distribution and this is the reason that change management has become very essential for the firms. The operations of organizations are effectively looked-after by change management including logistics, purchases, and controlling (Scheer, et al., 2003). The organization change is not only dependent on the resources and technology of the organization, but it depends on setting mindset of the employees positively towards the organization and creating an organization culture where flexible environment is made for all employees so that the maximum output can be extracted from them (Scheer, et al., 2003). Therefore, a responsible leadership should be able to implement change s in the organization and should motivate the employees for giving their maximum energy for their organization not only for increasing the revenue, but taking competitive edge over the rivals. Dell’s Change Management: Michael Dell founded Dell in 1984 on the basis that the company will sell their computers directly to the end user. The aim of the company was to understand the needs and requirements of users and providing operating systems that will meet the needs of those users. The company is the one of the largest and most well renowned companies around the world for selling reliable IT related product. The mission of Dell is to become the most successful computer firm of the world by providing the best customer services to clients. The company has more than 40000 employees and it maintains a large corporate culture as different team members belonging to different regions works together for Dell (Hill & Gareth, 2009). The company aims for change management because of maint aining consistent growth and become the market leader in mobile computing industry. Different brands of Dell plays an important role in making the company market leader because Dell acquires products of other strong brand and then making these products merge into a large company. After acquiring these brands, Dell improves overall operations of the brand, gives comprehensive training to its employees, and introduces new technology in their systems, which help the company to introduce these brands as reliable dell products. The acquisitions of these brands results in economies of scales, which makes the distribution network of Dell stronger, and the company is able to cater many regions with the help of these brands (Hill & Gareth, 2009). The vision of Dell for making change management is to increase its business growth consistently and increasing the revenue of the company at the same time. In order to achieve this change management successfully, the company focuses on the following four elements: (i) The company focuses on taking the market share of the mobile computing industry by making efforts to improve the production of their products. (ii) Change management helps the company to improve its overall efficiency and decrease the cost of production. (iii) Dells aim to enter in new market where there is a chance of expanding and company can become the market leader in these regions. (iv) The company creates the value of shareholder by

Advanced Project-Complete knowledge of Public Relations as it Relates Essay

Advanced Project-Complete knowledge of Public Relations as it Relates to Creating a PR Campaign - Essay Example This paper will explain the essentials of public relations and analyze the ingredients of effective public relations campaigns while putting more weight on television-oriented campaigns. On a professional perspective, public relations is a collection of exercises that the administration embraces to measure and assess the mentality, estimations and assumptions of the general population about the institution (Bernays 3). The readiness of an advertising arrangement is a vital piece of whoever decides courses of action, techniques, and policies regarding public interest, which the organization will abide by and implement (Wilcox 8). Public relations is used in conventional marketing to influence the buying habits of customers. Moreover, public relations is part of a comprehensive amalgam of marketing communications including sales promotion, advertising, and direct sales (Bernays 12). Effective utilization and practice of the theory of public relations results in the improvement of the organization’s public view, which often depicts an ethical and responsible company concerned with its customers’ welfare (Wilcox 3). The basic functions of public relations can be categorized into community relations, employee relations, financial relations, crisis communications, and political and government relations (Bernays 10). Any institution ought to be seen as a decent group part and ought to have the goodwill of that group in which it directs its operations. A powerful program for group relations ought to be far reaching and proceeding. Institutions can execute a scope of projects on a consistent or continuous premise meant for enhancing group relations. Subsequently, one of the center capacities of PR is to abbreviate the group-business gap (Bernays 10). At the point when institutions help projects and activities that better the life

Aristotle's treatment of the human soul Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aristotle's treatment of the human soul - Essay Example n the modern psychology only an interchange of the word desire with emotions and reason with rationality are evident, the original concept remains almost the same. In addition, Aristotle was a believer in nature and nurture as an influencer of human behaviour. He believed that humans were born bank and acquired what they became from the environment. These propositions points out the roles of Aristotle in attempting to present an understanding of the nature of humans with an inclination on the human psychology (Jules 1). In this essay I will give an example of the power of reasoning that has allowed inventions to take place. I will focus on the case of Isaac Newton, the man who discovered the force of gravity. Faculties of the human soul; Nutritive human soul refers to the ability of the humans to acquire nutrients. This occurs as long as a human is alive. Through the uptake of the nutrients, they are able to grow and at some point die off. On the other hand, the perceptive soul is based on the capacity of humans to have a perception towards their environment. This soul does it’s through many ways with the least from being through a sense of touch. The perceptive soul is also responsible for the desires that are evident among the humans. They have the desire for the environment and its components such as wealth. This is not the case with other some other creatures. The capacity to move is also a component of the perceptive soul. The animals just like humans have perceptive soul since they are able to respond to situations using their senses. The other soul is the intelligent soul, which differentiates humans from all other organisms. This soul makes the humans to be rational. It is characterized by the view that it is immaterial and takes different forms. The intelligent soul is found to be a contribution of the environment. This is based on the view that a small child is less intelligent but grows to have superior intelligence. The intelligent soul makes people

Chronic Expanding Hematoma in the Chest

Chronic Expanding Hematoma in the Chest A case of chronic expanding hematoma presenting as a huge mass in the chest Abstract: A 42-year-old man presented with a huge mass in the chest. The disease was recognized as a complain of chest pain and was successfully resected by surgery. He had a history of blunt chest injury 25 years ago. Magnetic resonance T2-weighted imaging demonstrated a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities. In cases of an intrathoracic mass with this imaging feature, with combined a past history of blunt chest injury, we should consider the existence of a chronic expanding hematoma. Keywords:Hematoma; thoracic tumor; chest injury; diagnosis Introduction Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest is a rare condition that often develops after thoracic surgery, thoracic injury or tuberculous pleuritis (1-4). In general, hematomas are naturally reabsorbed and rarely cause serious problems. Thoracic hematomas that develop slowly without symptoms until the mass compresses other organs are often difficult to early detection. Surgical removal is the first treatment for thoracic hematomas, but it is not easy to achieve a complete resection because of the presence of a dense fibrous adhesion to adjacent tissues (3-5). Herein, we describe a patient, with a history of blunt chest injury 25 years ago, who exhibited a huge chronic expanding hematoma in the chest treated by surgical resection successfully. Case report A 42-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of chest dull pain. He did not have any other symptoms and had no history of thoracic operation or pulmonary disorders including tuberculosis. Twenty-five years earlier, at the age of 17, the patient had a blunt chest injury after a fight for which he did not seek medical help. He was a heavy smoker for 26 years. Physical and lab examination revealed no positive findings. Chest X-ray revealed a huge mass shadow in the anterior mediastinum, with few pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge intrathoracic mass (10.2cmÃâ€"13.3cmÃâ€"17.9cm) with a tissue density adhered to the left pericardium (Figure 1). Calcification was not detected in the mass. Left pleural cavity had a moderate pleural effusion. The tissue content in the mass was not obvious enhanced following contrast administration. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the mass containing various signal intensi ties, just like a mosaic pattern (Figure 2). Diagnostic thoracocentesis of the left pleural effusion was performed, but cytological examination showed only erythrocytes with a few inflammatory cells. Although we could not reach a conclusive diagnosis, our preoperative diagnoses were benign or low malignant tumors including teratoma, chronic empyema and aneurysmal bone cyst. In addition, the probability of complete resection of the lesion is higher than incomplete resection based on the preoperative imaging evaluation. So a surgical resection of the lesion was decided. A left posterolateral thoracotomy along the 5th intercostal space with combined a cut off of the 5th and 6th posterior rib was performed for the purpose of obtaining a wide operative field. The mass which located in the left anterior mediastinu had a thickened and hard capsule, and was completely adhered to thymus, pericardium and part of upper lobe of left lung. Diaphragm just had a mild adhesion to the mass. Completely resection of the huge mass was achieved, including most thymus, most left parietal pericardium and partial upper lobe of left lung. The total operation time was 140 minutes and the total blood loss was 250 ml. Macroscopic observations showed that the resected mass contained a dense fibrous capsule with hemorrhagic materials and necrotic tissues (Figure 3). Pathological examination showed that the mass was an old hematoma surrounded by dense fibrous tissues and the center was consisted of fresh and old hemorrhages (Figure 4). There was no evidence of malignancy or infection in the mass, thymus, pericardium and lung. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient's chest dull pain disappeared. The patient was discharged without complications. There was no sign of recurrence for two months after the operation. Discussion Chronic expanding hematoma first advocated by Reid et al (6). is a rare clinicopathologic entity that can occur in various locations, such as scrotum, kidney, thigh, retroperitoneum, cerebrum and chest (6-9). The most frequently reports of chronic expanding hematoma was occured in the cerebrum, followed by occurred in the chest. The majority of reports of chronic expanding hematoma in the chest were come from Japan (1,3,5,10). To the best of our knowledge, this present case was the first case reported in China. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest often develops after thoracic surgery, thoracic injury or tuberculous pleuritis (1-4). It can also develop in the absence of thoracic surgical treatment, injury or inflammatory disorders (5,10). A hematoma persists and increases in size more than one month after the initial hemorrhage is a chronic expanding hematoma. It is still unclear why hematomas grow continuously. Labadie and Glover (11) proposed a theory that microscopic hematomas forming after theinitial hemorrhage do not resolve naturally, and slowly grow due to repeated organization and hemorrhage from new fragile microvessels beneath the fibrous capsule. Various blood factors and its breakdown products that have inflammatory properties, are possibly associated with repeated exudation or hemorrhage from fragile microvessels resulting in inflammation. As was seen in our case, we presumed that the initial hemorrhage was caused by the blunt chest injury 25 years ago, and then the hematoma grow slowly due to repeated organization and hemorrhage from the fragile microvessels in the granulation tissue. Respiratory movements, heart beating or constant coughing under a negative pleural pressure favor the growth of thoracic hematomas to become a larger one than other locations (5). The diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma in the chest is difficult due to its rarity, especially for those that develop slowly in patients with no history of surgery, trauma or tuberculosis. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest should be differentiate from teratoma, chronic empyema or aneurysmal bone cyst (5). MRI has an important significance in diagnosis of chronic expanding hematoma. The mosaic pattern of various signal intensities on T2-weighted MRI was reported as specific feature of chronic expanding hematoma (10,12). These various signal intensities indicated fresh and old blood caused by repeated hemorrhage over time. MRI results showed a good correlation with pathology of the disease. Conclusions We conclude that the following characteristics may be helpful in diagnosing chronic expanding hematoma in the chest: (1) have a long course of disease with few symptoms; (2) once received chest surgery, had a history of chest injury or tuberculous pleuritis occurred; (3) T2-weighted MRI presents a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities; (4) preoperative biopsy of the lesion without positive found. Chronic expanding hematoma in the chest remains a very rare disease. However, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a patient has a mass in the chest with the above characteristics. Figure 1 Chest CT scan revealed a huge intrathoracic mass with a tissue density adhered to the left pericardium and a moderate pleural effusion in the left pleural cavity. Figure 2 T2-weighted MRI demonstrated a large well-defined mass in the chest, with a mosaic pattern of various signal intensities. Figure 3 Macroscopic observations showed that the resected mass contained a dense fibrous capsule with hemorrhagic materials and necrotic tissues. Figure 4 Pathological examination showed an old hematoma surrounded by fibrous tissues and revealed some dilated microvessels and blood stasis.

The Odyssey :: essays research papers

During the night Odysseus tosses and turns, worrying about the outcome of his encounter with the suitor. Athena appears to himin a dream and promises that he will aid in the struggle. Penelope also unable to sleep and prays to Artemis, begging that she be rescued from marriage to another man, even if it means her death. In the morning Odysseus appeals to Zeus for a sign of his favor and is answered by the rumbling of thunder and lightning. Others notice the sign and a general mood of imminant danger sets in. Odysseus observes the behavior of his servants to identify the faithful. Melanthius arrives with the goats for the banquet and persists in harasses Odysseus. Eumaeus comes to the place, driving the hogs for the slaughter, demonstrating his goodness. Another loyal servant, Philoetius, the chief cowherd, arrives from the mainland. The suitors, again plotting to assassinate Telemachus, eventually return to the place. As they lunch, Ctesippus insults Odysseus and throws a bone at him. Telemachus is outraged and gives a scolding to the suitors in which he lists all the bad stuff they have done.. His unexpected boldness shocks the group, but they are drunk and laugh at his warnings. , Theclymenus cautions them that a catastrophe is impending in which they will suffer for their evil ways, but they mock the him until he leaves the palace in a rage. The suitors continue to drink, and dont heed the warning. New Charters: Philoitios - the cattle foreman Vocabulary banter v. - to speak to or address in a witty and teasing manner. lustrous adj. - radiant in character or reputation. dregs n. - the most undesirable part stint n. - a definite quantity of work assigned coverlets n. - bedspread saunter v. - to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner hulking adj. - massive sardonic adj. - disdainfully or skeptically humorous : derisively mocking jeered v. - to speak or cry out with derision or mockery braying v. - to crush or grind fine Epic Conventions Epic Similies p. 411 - line 14 â€Å"as a bitch mounting over her weak, defenseless puppies growls, facing a stranger, bristling for a showdown- so he growled from his depths, hackles rising at their outrage.† p.411 - 28 â€Å"as a cook before some white-hot blazing fire who rolls his sizzling saussage back and fourth, packed with fatand blood- keen to broil it quickly, tossing, turning it, this was, that way- so he cast about† Supernatural Involvment In this book the gods are constantly involved. Once, when Athena visits Odyssues in a dream to tell him that she favors him. A second time, when they pray to Zeus